Read Matthew 19:16–30
Questions from the Scripture text: With what command does Matthew 19:16 begin? What are we to behold? What did the person who came call Him? How did he think one obtained eternal life? Whom did he think could tell him what good thing to do for that? What does Jesus ask in response (Matthew 19:17)? Whom does Jesus say is good? What does Jesus say to do in order to enter into the commandments? What does the man ask, in response to that (Matthew 19:18)? Which five of the Ten Commandments does Jesus list (Matthew 19:18-19)? What other commandment does Jesus name? What do we find out about the man at the beginning of Matthew 19:20? What does he claim to have done? Since when? What does he ask? What does this imply that he knows about his condition? What does Jesus presume that the young man wants (Matthew 19:21)? What does He say the man should do with his things? So that they can give to whom? How will he be compensated? Where must he then go? Who heard this (Matthew 19:22)? How did he respond? With what demeanor? Why? Who speaks to whom in Matthew 19:23? How does He emphasize the urgency of what He is saying? What does he say is difficult for whom? How does He re-emphasize what He is saying at the beginning of Matthew 19:24? What does He say is easier to happen than a rich man entering the kingdom? Who heard this (Matthew 19:25)? What effect did it have upon them? What did they say? What does Jesus do in Matthew 19:26 to show His aim? What does He say to them? Who answers Him in Matthew 19:27? What does he say they have done? What does he ask? Whom does Jesus answer (Matthew 19:28)? About what time does He answer? Who will be doing what in that time? Who else will be on thrones? Doing what? What things will His followers have left for His Name’s sake (Matthew 19:29)? How much will they receive? What will they inherit? What will many find to be the relationship between their status in this world and their status in the next?
What must we have to enter heaven, and what do we obtain in heaven? Matthew 19:16–30 prepares us for the sermon in the morning public worship on the coming Lord’s Day. In these fifteen verses of Holy Scripture, the Holy Spirit teaches us that Christ is both what we must have to enter heaven and the heavenliness that we obtain.
No one good but God (and Jesus is God). The man comes to Jesus thinking that he and Jesus are basically similar. In his mind, he and Jesus are both good, and Jesus knows what particular good work is the trigger for the man to do to have eternal life (Matthew 19:16). When Jesus asks the question in Matthew 19:17, it isn’t because Jesus isn’t good, but because He is. The man intends to call Him good without calling Him God. This is a problem, because no man is good.
And it is a problem because the man thinks that his eternal life is by something good that he himself does, when we can only have eternal life by something that Jesus Himself does. The man didn’t know who he himself was, because he thought that eternal life could be obtained by some good thing that he did. The man didn’t know who Jesus is, because he did not think that eternal life was obtained by some good thing that Jesus does.
What has to be done: obedience to the commandments. Jesus quotes to him the second table of the law, and then its summary in the second great commandment (Matthew 19:17-19). One thing can be said for the man: the legalist knows in his heart of hearts that he hasn’t done enough. You can never do enough. Despite all that this man thinks that he has done (Matthew 19:20a), he knows that he is lacking something (verse 20b).
How this is done: coming to count Christ more than all. But what he is lacking is Jesus Himself. The first table of the law has priority, of course. Jesus even teaches this elsewhere (cf. Matthew 22:36–40). This is what the man ultimately lacks. He does not know, worship, reverence, or hallow God, because he does not know Him in Jesus, worship Him through Jesus, and hallow and reverence Him in hallowing and reverencing Jesus. He cannot possibly be complete (NKJ “perfect,” Matthew 19:21), because he does not have Jesus.
This poor man (poor, because he does not have Jesus!) thinks that he is rich in two different ways, and both are a great hindrance to him. The first is the obvious one, the “great possessions” of Matthew 19:22 that he cannot imagine selling in order to give as charity to the poor (Matthew 19:21). Christian charity doesn’t just keep the second table of the law. It keeps the first table by counting Jesus Himself as abundant compensation for the loss of all material things.
But the second way in which he thought himself rich was in his own personal righteousness. This righteousness is illusory, rather than true—fools’ gold. But it is hard for him to give up. He would have to lose all illusions of being personally good in order to count Christ Himself as all his goodness. God Himself, in Christ Himself, is the treasure that we will have in heaven (Matthew 19:21, cf. Matthew 73:24–25). Giving up all, in order to have Jesus, gives us not only treasure in heaven but on earth. But those who feel that they have much without Him are the most obstructed from entering the kingdom (Matthew 19:23-24). The disciples don’t understand this (Matthew 19:25), but grace can give it (Matthew 19:26) and has even given it to them.
Faith itself is not a work. Peter doesn’t understand that they already have everything because they have Christ. His question in Matthew 19:17 implies that he views giving up all and following Christ as meritorious. Jesus reminds them that all things will be remade (NKJ “regeneration,” Matthew 19:28). But, even then, having Him and being His will be their greatest glory. No one “loses” by giving up for Christ, but rather gains a hundredfold (Matthew 19:29). Faith is not a work that we do by which we earn something from God. It is a resting in which we receive God Himself, and all the good that He does for us, in Christ. This is why the last are first; they put comparatively little upon what they have in themselves, and comparatively much upon what they have in Christ. And for others, the sad opposite is true: because they put much upon what they think they have in themselves, they put rather little upon what they might have in Christ.
In what ways are you poor in yourself? What are some of the riches that are offered you in Christ? What is holding you back from counting Him as all your wealth? As all your righteousness?
Sample prayer: Lord, You are more than everything else unto us. Only You are good, and You have given us Your own goodness in Christ. And You have rewarded that goodness with You Yourself as our treasure in heaven. Whom do we have in heaven but You, and there is nothing on earth we desire beside You, in Christ, AMEN!
Suggested songs: ARP73C “Yet Constantly, I Am With You” or TPH73C “In Sweet Communion, Lord, with Thee”